Is Ethical Soucing Souce of Competitive Advantage Literature review

Is Ethical Soucing Souce of Competitive Advantage - Literature review Example This discussion declares that  evironmental friendliness and its protection are also considered an essential element of ethical sourcing of goods and services.   Ethical sourcing is all about making right decisions at right time. Infact, it is regarded as an integral part of Corporate Social Responsibility in the modern business regime.This paper discusses that  after analyzing the various aspects of implementing ethical sourcing in various organization such as Starbucks, Nike etc the common benefits that one can attain from adopting the means of ethical manufacturing sourcing generally relate to a wider market audience and conformance with pre-defined ethical standards and principles that facilitate an organization to create brand image and adhere to the corporate social responsibility. Risk management is better managed through ethical sourcing right at the source or the grass root level that creates a sense of responsibility among the suppliers in terms of organizational comm itment towards ethical challenges and future goals.  Ethical sourcing saves an organization from the anguish of its customers and negative image that it can create in future, for instance Nike hires child to saw the football, because they simply have no consideration for social ethics but only profit. Such kind of an attitude certainly has a negative impact on the customers. Adopting ethical norms and protocols can save the organization of such embarrassment.... acilitator in reducing exorbitant costs by adopting supply chain sources that focus on developing supplier relationship management and attain benefits of compliance management. Moreover organizations are self motivated to monitor their actions and carry on regular self assessment. Ethical sourcing is an effective medium to reward positive and constructive suppler behavior that consistently drives for growing business and at the same time a means to penalize negative and unpleasant conduct as well. Disadvantages of Ethical Sourcing Ethical sourcing however is a hindrance that suppliers face in their normal course of business for instance organizations hold varied perception issues that suppliers hold in terms of the tools and equipments that might need for ethical sourcing, thus they prefer to avoid it. Organizations find it expensive to adopt ethical supply chain and distribution networks thus generally face lack of coalition among business and individual objectives (Wrobleski & Oza 2011) Many authors have given varied viewpoint regarding ethical sourcing. For instance Cathy Mejia said that it is highly important for an organization to adopt ethical sourcing as it helps in communicating the strong ethical values an organization upholds for its stakeholders. Economists like Davies and Crane, 2003, Wadha (2009), have also commented on the significance of Ethical sourcing saying that fair trade policies of an organization can actually help to shape up the organization structure to achieve long term goals and positive company image. For instance in a research done by Gennarwilson (2009), it was found that child slavery exists in cocoa industry where children are made to work for long hours and parents avoid sending them for education. Almost 90 million bunnies, 27 million

Logistics for the UK Brewing Industry

Logistics for the UK Brewing Industry The area of logistics management is today seen as a powerful tool in reducing cost, improving customer satisfaction and thereby increasing sales of a business. Therefore, as a critical business function, logistics has been subjected to extensive research that has led to the development of several theories, processes and strategies for efficient logistics systems. The purpose of this paper is to study strategy in the context of logistics for the brewing industry in the UK. The paper begins with discussing logistics and supply chain as well as the brewery industry in the UK. The brewer chosen for this paper is Greene Kings that produces different brands of beer besides owning and running more than 750 pubs across the UK and exporting its products as well. The discussion then moves to the understanding of Greene Kings strategy through generic models like Ansoff and Porters 5 forces model. This is followed by commentary on the plausible tools and strategic logistical models that Greene Kings may implement for more efficient systems. The problems that are faced in implementing a new strategy are discussed next along with suggestions as to overcoming the same. Finally, the trends and developments in logistics have been included with a discussion on which tools may be useful for Greene Kings. INTRODUCTION The importance of having a strong logistics strategy is being recognized by organizations in the light of the changing dynamics of the business environment. The growth of e-commerce, online transactions and globalization have led to an increase in the intensity of competition, which makes it imperative for every business to have a clear and comprehensive strategy for every operation and functional unit so as to be able to compete in the present dynamic business environment. A sound and comprehensive strategy around logistics management and supply chain is also crucial for pre-determining the demands of the customers (Towers John, 2003). In the intensely-competitive market, breweries have to keep abreast of the demands of the consumers. Towers and John (2003) term these varying demands as the fickle requirements (pp. 592) of consumers, through the importance of these requirements is paramount to retain and increase the customer-base. Moreover, as the same authors have further expounded, the inefficient management of customer demand would have effect on the residual stock, cash flow and other business functions. Logistics are a core process of business operations and plays a crucial role in cost management of the business products, and also for helping the business achieve the demands of a demanding beer-consumption market. Logistics includes storage, warehousing, materials handling, packaging, inventory, transport and information and control. A sound logistics strategy is long-term and is aligned to the larger strategy of the business unit and further, those formed at the corporate level. Any changes in the logistics systems are substantial and impact the entire business in a big way. In the globalized era, where business operate in several continents, the role of logistics and supply chain assumes a more complex and proportionately important place in determining the success of the business. Profit-making is no longer the sole motive of businesses today (lecture slides, M32SOR, Lecture 2; slide 4)., at least in a majority of cases and with the increasing dynamism of the market, it is important to keep the logistics strategy flexible to each of the different goals of the business and also to accommodate the needs of the market. Thus, strategy and logistics are inter-connected and aligned with one-another. For strategies to work, operating plans have to be well-drafted and efficiently executed. For this, there has to be a w ell-defined strategy to which the operations can turn. RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Aims This paper aims to study the strategy of a UK-based brewery from the point of view of logistics. This would be used as a point of reference in developing a comprehensive logistics strategy. Objectives To research and analyze the logistics strategy of the Greene Kings Group and comment on the avenues for improvement. To understand the issues that the management of a brewery may face in implementing a new logistics strategy. Trace and comment on the new developments in technology that would affect a beer manufacturer in the logistics scenario. BACKGROUND Company Background: Greene Kings Greene King Group is a 200 year-old brewery group based in Bury St. Edmunds and produces beer brands Abbot Ale, IPA, Old Speckled Hen and Ruddles County, along with other smaller brands. It is the largest British-owned brewery in the UK. Besides, the company also runs more than 750 public houses all over the country, including chains such as Hungry Horse and Belhaven Pubs. Furthermore, Greene King exports its products to over thirty countries in Europe, Americas, Asia, Middle East, Africa and the Oceana countries. UKs Brewery Industry The Brewery Industry primarily comprises beer producers and this market generates  £ 19 billion in revenues (British Beer and Pub Association, 2009). An interesting characteristic of the brewery industry is that it includes products with varying shelf-lives and therefore, the logistics decisions have to be made so that they fit the different products and offerings (Towers John, 2003). The four biggest breweries in the UK are Scottish and Newcastle (who produce Fosters and Kronenbourg); Coors from USA; Inbev (who produce Stella Artois, from Belgium) and Carlsberg from Denmark . Thus, it is clear to see that international players are the dominant market-share holders in the UK beer industry. Lager is the predominant beer produced and sold here that holds 68 per cent of the total market. Beer is the most important product offering by breweries, especially in the UK. The consumption of beer is divided into on-trade and off-trade consumption, the former being in pars and pubs and the latter through retail outlets (Carlsberg Group Communication, 2008). These differences also reflect in the system of logistics of the businesses. The beer market in UK and the larger Northern and Western Europe is mature and therefore the growth of the beer market would either be stagnant or declining. This makes the task of the management complex here because the focus of the business is shifting to new and emerging markets where growth potential is large. The focus in the UK market would be on retaining existing customers and fighting off competition from international brewers. According to Carlsberg Groups annual report (2008), the share of beer as a percentage figure of the total alcohol consumption is 44.2 per cent. This is divided between on-trade selling (i.e. through pubs and bars) and off-trade selling, with the former claiming 54 per cent of the market. The pricing of beer is done to target four different segments, namely discount, mainstream, premium and super-premium. The logistics strategy for a mature market like the UK has to be aligned to the logistics strategy of the overall business. Here, it is important to streamline the processes to achieve benefits of cost reductions. Globalisation has led to newer avenues for reducing cost. Central procurement is one such tool, wherein raw materials and processes may be obtained at a central level for the different products of the brewery, which would lead to lower costs. ANALYSIS OF GREENE KING THROUGH GENERIC STREATEGIES Porters Five Forces Model As has been discussed in the industry and company overview, the brewery industry in the UK is intensely competitive in the light of changing trends and growing acquisitions and mergers that are increasing the market share of international brewing giants. The Five Forces Model that was developed and presented by Michael E. Porter illustrates the major factors that influence the strategy-making process of a business. The factors include suppliers, buyers, competitors in the form of existing rivals and new entrants, and potential or existing competition from substitute products. These have been analyzed in the specific context of Greene King Breweries (see Appendix 1). In terms of its market share, Greene King is in the expansion stage as it is procuring more and more public houses and bars in all parts of UK, which are also increasing the sale of its beers. Threat of Competitors Greene King faces competition from other beer brands and breweries, especially international players. The main business of Greene King is through the company-owned pubs and bars, with over 750 pubs all over the UK. Off-trade sales accounting for a little below half of the beer sales, this is one part of the business of Greene Kings that faces threat from other large beer brands and breweries, especially international businesses like Carlsberg Group, Scottish and Newcastle and others. The advantage for international brewery groups is that they have the option for centralized procurement of processes and raw materials that result in cost-cutting. Threat of Suppliers The bargaining power of the company is reduced in certain areas of procurement, where there are limited or even a single supplier of raw materials. This is especially true in the case of bottles and cans suppliers who are few and scattered, leading to an almost monopolistic situation that greatly undermines the companys bargaining powers. Threat from buyers The beer market is characterized by different categories of beer, in different price-ranges. There are many variants on the basis of quantity, price, packaging and so forth that requires businesses to offer a diverse range of goods to accommodate the minor variations that customers seek. Furthermore, the consumption of beer is price-sensitive (Carlsberg Group Communication, 2008) and therefore the breweries face the risk of and threat from tax legislations that may lead to increased beer price. Threat from substitutes The increase in health concerns further highlighted by the ban on smoking in public places (Greene King, 2008) that was made legal in UK and Scotland has also put on the forefront, the threat from substitute beverages, especially non-alcoholic varieties. There is also the threat from other drinks with higher content of alcohol. Threat from Potential Entrants The beer and breweries industry is an important one in the UK and globalization has changed the face of competition of this industry that was traditionally a local one. As discussed earlier, globalisation has led to mergers and acquisitions that have increased both the scope as well as the threat of business from big, international players in the market. The main area of concern is that these players have substantially more funds, wider experience of systems and strategies and the added support of the local brewery or product they acquire so as to become formidable competitors for businesses such as Greene King that are involved in export but the primary focus of business is geographically concentrated to the UK. PORTERS VALUE CHAN ANALYSIS Porter further identified a set of interrelated activities that helped the firm in creating competitive advantage for itself in the market. The primary activities in the value chain include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and service, while the support activities include procurement, technology development, human resource management and firm infrastructure (Porter, 1985). Within the analysis of the value chain, a firm can look at cost advantage and/or differentiation. In case of the former, Greene King is saving costs on its interrelationships among the various business units. The two breweries, public houses, diners and restaurants, and finally the off-trade selling all have been created around its specific products to minimize chaos among requirements of and supply to these units. For example, Greene Kings Loch Fyne restaurants cater to high-end clients and supply a luxury meal to its clients, for which its two breweries produce Old Speckled H en and other high-end ales while the breweries also produce economy ales for retailing in supermarkets and selling through its pubs. Thus, Greene King has effectively maintained its breweries at two locations only, even when its business continues to expand. ANSOFF GROWTH MATRIX When analyzed from the point of view of Ansoff Growth Matrix, Greene Kings has existing products that the company is offering in both new and existing markets. The existing products are its beer brands that are being offered in the existing markets in the UK through on-trade channels, i.e. more than 750 public houses all over the country and off-trade channels, i.e. retail through supermarkets and other counters. In case of off-trade sales, Greene Kings is number one in terms of market share (Greene King, 2008) and is therefore focussing on consolidation of its share. On the other hand, it is expanding the on-trade sales by way of acquiring pubs. Therefore, in this case it is focussing on penetration. In case of new markets, Greene King is focussing on exporting to more than 30 countries (Greene King, 2008). The focus is on existing competencies and existing products of the company. Development of Existing Logistics Capabilities The above analysis of generic strategies of Greene Kings shows that there is scope in improvement of logistics management for Greene Kings. The large number of pubs and dining places that the group owns and runs makes it imperative for Greene Kings to have an impeccable distribution and logistics system. The group has two breweries based in Bury St. Edmonds and Dunbar. Both supply the different beer brands produced by Greene Kings to their nearly-900 outlets. There is scope for improvement on the following fronts: There is the risk of transport and logistics hazards in terms of transportation of the beer from the brewery to the pubs and other retail outlets. The company is in the process of setting up a disaster-recovery system (Greene King, 2008) but it needs to work on this in detail. Greene Kings outsources certain parts of its supply chain to vendors and there is scope for improvement in the supply-chain, especially when seen as a value-chain system. The relations with suppliers is complex since the public houses that Greene Kings owns and runs also offer products by competitors and rivals, in which case the distribution system has considerable loopholes. There is inadequate risk management mechanism towards internal production and distribution activities and this is one area that needs to be worked on. There has to be provision and management support to provide for a new logistics system. The reports and top management inputs show that the focus of the executive managerial committee is on end sales, specifically the effect of smoking ban on pubs in UK. There has to be better integration between the company and its logistics service providers. STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT The strategic approach of management to logistics is of paramount importance since it adds value to the whole operational process if accomplish efficiently. Logistics has increased in importance from a function of business that was scarcely necessary to a key business function that can lead to significant cost savings and also as a factor that influences customer satisfaction, thereby increasing sales (Grant, Lambert, Stock, Ellram, 2006). Even when business is good for an organization like Greene Kings, organizations have to understand that innovation and constant improvements are a necessity to sustain and grow in the fiercely competitive business world (Black, 2009). Introducing effective strategies and new methods and processes effectively to the work process would further improve quality, reduce time and improve the over-all customer-service, thereby giving the business additional boost. There are several factors that influence the formulation of a business logistics strategy. These are the influence of e-commerce and information technology, competition in the segment and dynamism within the business environment among others. Strategies can only be useful if they are fully understood in the light of the business requirements and shortfalls in existing systems. There are several strategies that may be adopted by Greene Kings either individually or in combination with others to overcome the loopholes and shortfalls in its existing logistics system, as also to introduce newer methods. Just-In-Time and/or Lean Over the years, manufacturing has been introduced with several efficiency-increasing strategies, of which one of the more researched and implemented ones is Lean Manufacturing.   The essential focus of the lean manufacturing process is to maximize the value of the product that is offered by an organization to its customer. This value, in case of the manufacturing industry is obtained through a series of steps and processes that are collectively called the value stream (Womack, 2007). The lean system focuses on this value stream to continuously make the process of manufacturing more efficient that in turn enables the organization to compete on stronger grounds against competitors. The lean manufacturing strategy, often simply called lean was pioneered by Toyota but has been seen to benefit organizations all across the manufacturing industry. A very popular method of implementing an effective lean strategy is the 5S method. The 5 Ss stand for Sort, Set-In-Order, Shine, Standardize and Sustain (Hemmant, August 2007). The 5S method is a continuous process that focuses on waste-reduction and discipline in the workplace. The method encourages order and cleanliness and its sustenance in the workplace, which does not include the manufacturing facility only but the entire organization, including workers and management. The implication of the 5S method is to develop and imbibe a culture where waste and negligence is frowned upon. Sorting implies distinguishing between useful and redundant components and processes and removing the latter. Setting-in-order would mean putting the right thing at the right place. The right place would be one that is easily accessible and prevents waste of time in reaching it when required. This component would also ensure that any components missing or falling short would be identified easily. Shine related to cleanliness and order, while Standardization is taken in the context of the quality levels that must be made routine in the production process. The sustenance of this method is the only way it will bear fruits and thus, this facet has also been included within the steps. JIT too, is based on the essential objective of minimizing waste. However, a little different from lean, JIT requires extensive and efficient communications between the manufacturing processes as well as the entire value-chain set. For example, in order to run a tightly time-bound production and supply system, it is important to have similar and efficient systems established with the suppliers and transporters. Greene Kings has two breweries that cater to the vast production needs of the business that owns and runs more than 750 pubs all over UK, besides exporting its beer to more than 30 countries in the world. Therefore, production at the two breweries has to be a flawless with minimum waste of resources and time. Lean can be used as an effective tool of breaking down the various processes in production and logistics and identifying any redundant processes that may be removed or processes that have scope for improvement. Benchmarking Benchmarking can be a very important tool for Greene Kings since it relies heavily on its distribution network. As has been discussed earlier, with its public houses, the importance of a flawless, daily distribution system becomes of paramount importance to the business. A very unique feature of Greene Kings is that it sells not only its own brands of beer at its public houses but also other brands that create a more complex distribution set-up for the organization. Here, Greene Kings can learn immensely from the logistics systems and strategies in place in other brewers, especially the market leaders. International brewers like Carlsberg focus on logistics strategy heavily and have more effective systems and strategies in place. Gourdin (2001) defines benchmarking as a process for identifying best practices by comparing key performance indicators for a specific activity across organizations and using those performance levels as inputs to corporate goal setting. There are a number of steps that are part of the benchmarking processes and include defining the present performance level for the activity to be benchmarked; determining the level of performance that is desired in the given activity; determining how and what type of improvement is implemented to achieve stated targets, and establishing a process time frame (Gourdin, 2001). Partnerships and Alliances Partnerships and alliances with vendors and suppliers is an emerging concept that is replacing the traditional notion of a professional relationship between suppliers and businesses. Relationship marketing is a term used to define this concept. Relationship marketing means that the time scale involved forming alliances and partnerships is lengthy. Another important ingredient that differentiates relationship marketing from others is the fact that it is based on cooperation. Therefore, the negotiations that form part of other organizational systems of functioning would be replaced by continuous communications that are interactive and aimed at establishing long-term contacts. Greene Kings is a well-established and local business in the UK and has key business functions being performed by vendors and suppliers. Therefore, the benefits of having an established set of suppliers and vendors who understand the unique features and business of Greene Kings in detail would really help in impro ving the efficiency of the business. ISSUES IN IMPLEMETING A NEW LOGISTICS STRATEGY People are at the core of any new strategy and introducing a change in the existing systems has potential for severe people issues. However, these have been and can be tackled effectively by the inclusion of all of the organizations people, from the top management to the ground staff. On one side, top management of the business may be sceptic about overhauling an established system and introducing an entirely new process. In case of Greene Kings, the issue among top management is the absence of attention towards the importance of logistics and other operational systems. On the other hand, a more serious concern could be resistance of subordinate workers and ground staff to a new logistics strategy. However, by keeping the new strategy and its expected benefits open before the whole organization, more support and better acceptance may be achieved. Furthermore, HR issues such as recruitment, selection, strategic training and appraisal, autonomy, flexibility, harmonization and reward system are consideration factors to ensure smooth implementation and transitional change. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS Technological developments will influence the changes that are implemented in the logistics strategy of Greene Kings and as such, these have to be taken into consideration while formulating one. ERP systems are a technological development that provides feasible avenues for the business to improve efficiency upon. ERP systems are based in Internet technology and as such, enable the business to share informational flow among different departments, business processes and stakeholders efficiently. ERP is a set of business applications on modules, which links various business units of an organisation such as financial, accounting, manufacturing, and human resources into a tightly integrated single system with a common platform for flow of information across the entire business (Baheshti, 2006). For a business like Greene Kings that works across a large geographic area and has several different business units and alliances with stakeholders, a centralized ERP system would improve efficiency and cut cost and time for the business substantially. SUMMARY The above report discussed the position of Greene Kings brewers from the point of view of logistics. It also talked about the brewing industry in the UK, theoretical understanding of logistics and trends in development of strategies that would all be beneficial for Greene Kings. Avenues and strategies that may be used by Greene Kings were discussed, along with problems that are faced in implementing new strategies. Finally, the new trends in the area of logistics was documented. REFERNCES Baheshti, H. M. (2006) what managers should know about ERP/ERPII: Management Research News. Vol. 29(4) [online] available from Accessed on [20/12/2009] Black, John R. (2008): Lean Production: Implementing a World Class System; Industrial Press. British Beer and Pub Association. (2009, 12 08). Government makes five times more money from beer than pub and brewing companies. Retrieved 12 20, 2009, from British Beer and Pub Association: http://www.beerandpub.com/newsList_detail.aspx?newsId=310 Grant, D., Lambert, D., Stock, J., Ellram, L. (2006). Fundamentals of logistics management. Berkshire: McGraw Hill Education. Greene King. (2008). Annual Report. Suffolk: 85Four. Towers, N. S., John, P. (2003). Stock control and supplier relationships at the local pub in a market town: A case study investigation into effective demand management. British Food Journal , 591-691. Womack, James P. (March, 2007): Moving Beyond the Tool Age; IET Manufacturing Engineering (4-5), Institute of Engineering and Technology.

Computers and History :: Technology Computer Essays

Computers and History The digital world of today can be understood as a product of late-Victorian construction of the machinery of information organization combined with Modernist visual forms. People living in a civilized country today live in a digital world. The children of today cannot imagine a time when computers were not widespread. Since computers have become essential for many tasks that we complete everyday, from shopping for groceries to communicating with friends and family, these kids can only picture how everything worked before the advent of the computer. This digital world is best represented by the World Wide Web, one of the most widely used applications of computers by many people. True, computers have many, many more uses than simply that of an interface to the internet. Countless people play a myriad of computer games, some write programs, and scores more use these programs, be they a student typing a paper with Microsoft Word or a pilot switching on an autopilot program after takeoff. With every passing day, however, more and more people receive access to the internet. The evolution of the World Wide Web is what the past decade will be remembered for in terms of computers. Today, the World Wide Web is made up of billions of web sites, each different in some way from the others. Where most of these sites cannot differ, however, is that, in order for them to make some kind of an impact on the user, and therefore have a point to existing, they must make use of some sort of visual (sites with pure audio are the obvious exception to this rule). The World Wide Web organizes these different Modernist visual forms in a format which is completely new. According to Dr. Simon Cook, â€Å"In the nineteenth century a premium was first set upon the development of technologies of memory.†[1] Cook goes on to elaborate, saying that as the nineteenth century came to a close, new forms of information organization, such as laboratories, photographs, and the cinema, came to replace older, less streamlined versions of organization, such as museums and the natural history cabinet. This progression has continued to this day, as the World Wide Web represents the newest form of information organization. But what kind of information does the World Wide Web organize? Most fundamentally, of course, text is stored on the web pages, which transforms it into hypertext.

The Disadvantages That Confront E-Mango.Com If It Does Not Leverage the Competitive Value of the Internet.

Leveraging the competitive value of the Internet Physical inventories have always been a major cost component of business. Linking to suppliers in real time dramatically enhances the classic goal of inventory â€Å"turn. † The Internet provides a multitude of opportunities for radically reducing the costs of designing, manufacturing, and selling goods and services. E-mango. com, a fruit emarketplace, must take advantage of these opportunities or find itself at a significant competitive disadvantage. Identify the disadvantages that confront E-mango. om if it does not leverage the competitive value of the Internet. Case study Considering that E-mango. com is an online store and it also has a small store outlet which provides all kinds of fruits. a. Fresh fruits b. Dry fruits c. Fruit products such as jams, jellies, fruit syrup etc. In today’s world Internet has become a major source for marketing. Ebusiness is the conducting of business on the Internet, not only buying an d selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners. Electronic business methods enable companies to link their internal and external data processing systems more efficiently and flexibly, to work more closely with suppliers and partners, and to better satisfy the needs and expectations of their customers. Each and every business are now marketing their business through Internet, as it save time and cost and reaches a large number of customers in short span of time If Emango. com is not using the trends of today’s world i. e. if the website is not making use of the various facilities in the Internet for marketing their goods then they may have to face lot of challenges. Being a fruit emarketplace, the goods need to be sold out as soon as possible. It also has other competitors who own a fruit emarketplace which makes it difficult to survive. Internet could provide a lot of advantages such as managing the cost, produce profit by the people visiting the website, reach to a lot of people and thus increase the business, provide an e-catalog for the customers thus enabling them to shop easier etc. The costs of not doing e-business include loss of customers to competitors with good websites and loss of potential revenue. The major areas affected without proper use of Internet in Business has been listed. 1. Convenience A visit to a store requires travel and must take place during business hours whereas online stores are available 24 hours a day, where business could be made at any hour of the day. Nowadays Internet access is available at home and office, so shopping would be easier if they are able to shop online. Online stores would be having e-catalog which provides the pictures and prices of the goods available which increases customers ease for shopping. Without a proper website maintained, customers need to come to the stores and search for the fruits, which is time consuming and this would initiate a customer to buy goods through another store which has a well maintained website. The websites will also be having pop-ups of the clearance and the deals for the day which will attract more customers. There are also online transactions which are fast. It can help improve the speed and accuracy of transactions. So as long as there is no proper usage of Internet the income would be less as customers would move to stores which provides a good business . The advantage of having a well maintained website is also that they can display pictures of fruits along with their nutritional benefits and how they contribute to the health, which fruit would taste good as juice and which would taste good as raw etc. Along with business customers would be able to gain a lot of information’s also, thus the competition for emango. com would always be high. Customers would prefer a better online business which is provided by others. 2. Cost-Effective Marketing and Promotion Using the web to market products guarantees to reach large number of customers at a nominal price. The cost of conducting business in Internet is substantially smaller than the traditional forms of business communication. Advertising techniques like pay per click advertising ensure that the advertiser only pays for the advertisements that are actually viewed. As it is fruit store only dry fruits and fruit products need to ship to far distances. Most of the shipment would be around the local area thus it is cost effective(the local shipment would be similar to that of pap johns). Customers would prefer to have such an online store. The fruits could be bought in bulk or in small quantity. All these could be lacking for the emango. om thus causing loss. The emango. com would not be able to reach its customers and market in an easier way than the Internet. 3. Customer Service Customer service is the most important factor in every business. With an online service the supplier could provide an improved customer service. As the customer enters the website they could be greeted by a pop-u p chat window. Many websites now provide an online chat, where the customers could chat with a customer care executive and clarify all the doubts about the products or any other details. Even the customer could contact the customer service executive through phone which is a 24Ãâ€"7 service. Making customers happy is the important factor for improving the business and to gain benefits. All these customer services could not be provided if the Internet is not being utilized. 4. Selection The main advantage of a website is being able to quickly seek out deals for items or services. The deals and discounts could also be viewed as soon as we enter the website. Electronic catalogs and web pages present customers with updated information in real time about goods, services and prices. As with other aspects of ebusiness, it is important to match electronic catalog design and functionality to a company’s business goals. This ease of ecatalogs cannot be provided without proper use on Internet. 5. Reviews The customers could provide the reviews about the products in the website, which would help to know the views of customer and improve the business. Also with the Internet, it’s easier to summarize and analyze information about customers visiting and buying the website. This information can be used to modify promotional strategies to maximize sales. If there is no proper use of Internet this would not be possible. The rivalry for the E-mango. com is high as it they are not properlyusing the Internet for the better business. The competitors would gain high profit with a better website and better e-business technology. Thus the website e-mango. com needs to enhance itself with the various techniques provided by the internet to attract customers and increase profit. Waiting too long to move in to the track of e-business may cause E-mango. com to lose its place in line entirely. References http://e-business-guide. net/advantages-internet-business-explained. html http://onlinebusiness. volusion. com/articles/e-business-advantages/ http://www. enetsc. com/ebusinessarticles. html

Influences That Effect Children and Young People’s Development Essay

(A)Background. Family Dynamics Family dynamics can have a positive effect on child’s development because the child will feel settle and have a positive input into their lives and good support to help them develop and achieve what they want to achieve, this has a positive effect on their behaviour to. If family dynamics are negative then this have a negative affect on their developments such as divorce because the child may be spending time at different house and having one parent missing so they will feel unsettled and not able to concentrate on things. They may also experience missing one of their parents of relatives being in prison. Parent styles. Parents who think that education is not important have a negative input so they don’t encourage their children to get a good education here as a parent who has a good educations ants their child to get the best education and will encourage them to do more. Some parents lack the knowledge and skill to find better opportunities for their children so they don’t always get the best opportunities but parents with the knowledge and skills can give their child better opportunities to develop. Also parents with a lack of ability will not be able to help their children with their homework as well as if those parents had a good education. Children whose parents have no interested in their development will suffer because they won’t be given the support they need where as children whose parents take an interest in their development will develop more because they will be encourage to. Parents how have high expectations to achieve will push their child’s abilities more. Poverty Poverty for children means that they will have a poor quality of life so they will not always have the best diet for them to develop. It has an effect on the children’s social development because they may not be able to participate in clubs that their friends take part in such as swimming or brownies because their parents can’t afford the extra money to send them there. They may also feel singled out from their peers because their family can’t afford fashionable clothes like the latest trainers or toys that their  friends have. Poor communities have lower aspirations than those in a richer community and the child may not be given the motivation to achieve higher. Poverty can be good for development in where they stand in the family because they will do more activities as a family. Culture/religion. Culture and religion can have a negative and positive affect on a child’s development. It can have a positive affect because different cultures have a large extended family and a good support network so the child can get lots of different support and different advice not just from one person so they will develop a broader way of thinking. It different cultures children will have a wider stimulating environment such as books and art so that they gain more emotional, social and intellectual development and experiences. Culture and religion can also have negative affects to a child’s development because they may not mix with other people outside of their community or culture. They may not get the experiences of other cultures so their social confidence outside of their culture may be poor. Children from different culture may have different views to what kind of behavioural is acceptable in different situations such a poor empathy to situation that they feel in their culture isn’t such a big deal or that it is a bigger deal than other people think. (B)Health Sleep & diet Lack of sleep can affect a child intellectual development because if they are tired they may not be to concentrate as much as they should or for as long as if they had the right amount of sleep. If a child has enough sleep they can participate more in physical activities and will have the ability to concentrate longer. Poor diet can cause a child to become obsess and unhealthy because they will not get the victims they need for energy and concentration. This will also affect their physical development because we need a healthy diet in order to grow. Poor health and disability will affect a child’s social and emotional development because they may not be  able to do things that their friends can do and not feeling included. Disability can have a positive affect for other children who are friends with a disabled child because they learn empathy and to accept their disability, not just point and stare when they see a disabled person. It also helps the disabled child to feel included with their peers. It also helps the children to learn to care for each other. (C)Environment Opportunities for education and Learning. It is important that children get a lot of opportities for education and learning so they can development social and emotional skills to use through life. Children how receive poor opportunities to for an education and learning will not develop as well as child who did because they are not getting the experience and knowledge they need. If a child has good opportunities to learn them to learn then they will have better language skills to communicate with other people in lots of different social setting. They may realise that they have a talent for something such a music or sport and have aspiration to develop this into a career later in life but if they are not given this opportunity they will not have the chance to develop this skill. Play and Stimulation. It is important that a child get stimulation so they have more opportunities to learn and thrive in social setting and intellect. Interest and interaction from parents will motivate them to learn and experience different situation developing their social skills. Children learn from play and develop physical skills such a gross and fine motors skills. They learn how to talk and interactive with people. Unstimulating environment and a disinterest from parent will have negative affect because the children will not have the motivation to learn and develop their skills. Language and interaction It is important for a child’s development that children get lots of opportunity for language and interaction so that they have strong social networks and they can thrive socially. Opportunity for different language has a good impact of their intellectual development because they experience different setting and language so that can learn different words and opinions. To have a wide experience of language is good because their confidence will improve when they communicate with different people. Bad opportunities to experience different language an interaction can stop a child’s social and emotional development because they are not given the chance to hear different language. They will lack the ability to develop their imagination and views. Opportunities to be active. It is important that children have the opportunity to be active so they can develop physically. They will be healthy and be motivated to do things. If a child is not given the opportunity to be active then they won’t be able to develop their physical skills and will be unhealthy. Also by given the opportunity to be active such as playing outside they will be making friends and this will help them to develop their social and emotional skills. Describe with examples the importance or recognising and responding to concerns about children and young people’s development . Speech and language If a child or young person does not talk to anyone or even only speaks a few words compared to others, this may cause concern. This would socially affect the child or young person’s because they would find it hard to make friends, work in groups or even interact with adults. It would also affect their communicational development because they would find it hard to speak to people and also may find it hard to listen to instructions etc. Early intervention would be the best way to respond to this concern, the first step would be to have the child or young person’s hearing checked because if they have poor hearing they will find it hard to hear people so will not  want to communicate with others in case they get something wrong. Poor reading and writing. If a child or young person has difficulties with their reading and writing it may cause concern, but this may not be noticeable until the child is around the age of 6 or 7 because by this age they should have learnt how letters are formed and start to string words together. These are the main skills a child needs to help them develop in all areas. Due to poor reading and writing the child or young person will start to fall behind his peers of the same age. They may find it difficult to interact or make friends with others who are more advanced than them, in case they are bullied etc. They would struggle with their intellectual development not only with the reading and writing, but they would struggle with their memory and even their concentration. Recognition is very important because if a child falls behind with their work then all areas of their development may be affected. For example, if a child was playing on their own in the playground, for more than a few days in a row. This can affect a child’s social and intellectual development. Socially, a child wouldn’t be playing with children their own age and this can cause them to have no confidence in socialising in the future. They may be affected intellectually due to not being able to socialise and play in the playground with their peers, because of this they may not feel comfortable working with them in class. Therefore, if they are not working together in a group then they may not learn the same as everyone else, or not at the same pace. Responding to a concern like this has to be done in a professional manner, this means that you should not talk to the parent/carer or the child. You would have to make a note of exactly what was seen or heard, why it was a concern to you and the date and time must be recorded to back up your evidence. Then you need to approach the class teacher with your concern. If the teacher disregards your opinion because they are already aware of the situation, you still need to report it as it is your responsibility to discover the cause and seek help. Once it is reported, the correct person  can help the child appropriately to solve the issue correctly and get the child back on track. If a child’s problem goes without being noticed then they will be affected in many areas of development.

buy custom Academic Life essay

buy custom Academic Life essay An internship is part of the most important aspects in ones academic life. It is a chance to open up beyond the academic world and encounter the real aspect of practical applications in life. The importance of an internship also lays in the fact that the student is presented with a chance to practically apply the theoretical methods previously received from the tutor in class. It is aimed at promoting the personal, civic and professional development in a student. Creativity, ability to reason beyond the constraints, and high standards communication skills are all best cultivated in an internship (Mary Sweitzer, 2009, pg7). In this paper we are going to analyze the report by Kimberly J and Zhao J. industry internships; feedback from participating faculties and industry executives. This study is about a research carried out on internship in the hospitality industries on students, executives and their respective universities. It brings out the main ingredients expected in any internship and the subsequent response by the concerned parties on various issues relating o the internship. Te report involves a sample of 42 students from 28 universities; their experiences, observations, feedback as well as the recommendations given by the students. The research objective in this report was to establish the success of internships in promoting supplementary learning mainly on practical issues to students. It was also aimed at establishing the level of corporation from the students institutions and the respective organizations in the hospitality industries; in which the report was based in facilitating an effective intern period to the students. A good internship is a partnership between the school, student and the institution. It should be planned so as to present the student with challenging projects and tasks coupled with adequate supervision and guidance.Thus the objective of this research was to prove this fact and the extent of compliance. The design in this research is set such that to get the response to students who go to the internship through their factors. The assumption that faculties are more knowledgeable on matters pertaining thee organizations in their discipline seems a good assumption so as to give the research a feasible and directional way of doing the sampling through the facultys guidance. This is an important factor from the argument that those who secure private internships may have varied reasons for choosing the specific organization. This may range from the attractiveness, the amount of payment obtained and other subjective reasons that may not be measurable. A good research design is supposed to be situational in that it reflects the settings of the particular organization, feasible in that it can be practically implemented and a sign of flexibility allowed in improving its variability. The flexibility in this research is observed where the candidates were allowed to pass the research materials to others who were not under the CHRIE plan. By a alerting the specific restaurant industries of their aim to carry out the specific research about the internships they offer, then the researchers prepared in advance those who were expected to be involved in this research and this makes the research even more credible. Buy custom Academic Life essay

Druids essays

Druids essays In 390 BC Gallic Tribes crossed the Alps swept down through Italy and sacked and burnt Rome. The Gauls left the city but for a time they held the northern part of the Italian peninsula. The region south of the Alps became known to the Romans as Cisalpine Gaul or Gaul this side of the Alps. The Gauls were brave and warlike but proved no match for the well trained Romans and were defeated in Italy in 200s BC. Roman invasions of Transalpine Gaul began and they succeeded during the 100s BC in gaining mastery of the strip of Gaul along the Mediterranean Sea. Gaul later suffered heavily through civil wars and barbaric invasions but it passed on a rich cultural tradition to its new masters. Chief among the invaders were the Franks, who came in the late 400s AD. From that time most of Gaul was called France after the Franks. Druids were created by the Celtic settlers in Gaul around the fourth century BC these original druids then mixed their own culture with those of native Gaelic peoples and was later enriched when they reached the According to Caesar the druids held their assemblies in the land of Carnutes, the center of Gaul. Although the Celtic body as a whole was organized into a strict hierarchy, the individual druid lived alone and shared the life of the people. Teaching, School ages, religion, sacrifices Caesar described the Druids as an itinerant priest hood that moved from tribe to tribe exempt from having to pay taxes or taking up arms. Their membership was exclusive. Young men flocked to join their ranks but only those of intellectual aptitude were chosen. Often their numbers were drawn from the Celtic nobility. It is believed that women could also become Druids just as they could warriors and queens. A would be Druid normally entered training at about seven or eight years of age. During the course of this training the student was required to memorise imm ...

Introducing Women in Shakespeares Plays

Introducing Women in Shakespeares Plays Shakespeare’s presentation of women in his plays demonstrates his feelings about women and their roles in society. As our guide to the types of female roles in Shakespeare demonstrates, women had less freedom than their male counterparts in Shakespeares time. Its well known that women werent allowed on the stage during Shakespeares active years. All of his  famous female roles like Desdemona and Juliette were in fact once played by men. Shakespeares Presentation of Women Women in Shakespeares plays are often underestimated.  While they were clearly restricted by their social roles, the Bard showed how women could influence the men around them. His plays showed the difference in expectations between upper and lower class women of the time. High-born women are presented as â€Å"possessions† to be passed between fathers and husbands. In most cases, they are socially restricted and unable to explore the world around them without chaperones. Many of these women were coerced and controlled by the men in their lives. Lower-born women were allowed more freedom in their actions precisely because they are seen as less important than higher-born women.   Sexuality in Shakespeares work Broadly speaking, female characters that sexually aware are more likely to be lower class. Shakespeare allows them more freedom to explore their sexuality, perhaps because their low-status renders them socially harmless. However, women are never totally free in Shakespeare’s plays: if not owned by husbands and fathers, many low-class characters are owned by their employers. Sexuality or desirability can also lead to deadly consequences  for Shakespeares women. Desdemona chose to follow her passion and defied her father to marry Othello. This passion is later used against her when the villainous Iago convinces her husband that if she would lie to her father she would lie to him as well. Wrongfully accused of adultery, nothing Desdemona says or does is enough to convince Othello of her faithfulness. Her boldness in choosing to defy her father ultimately leads to her death at the hands of her jealous lover. Sexual violence also plays a major role in some of the Bards work. This is seen most notably in Titus Andronicus where the character Lavinia is violently raped and mutilated. Her attackers cut out her tongue and remove her hands to prevent her from naming her attackers. After she is able to write their names her father then kills her to preserve her honor. Women in Power Women in power are treated with distrust by Shakespeare. They have questionable morals. For example, Gertrude in Hamlet marries her husband’s murdering brother and Lady Macbeth coerces her husband into murder. These women show a lust for power thats often on par or surpassing that of the men around them. Lady Macbeth especially is seen as a conflict between the masculine and feminine. She forgoes normal feminine traits like  motherly compassion for more masculine ones like ambition, which leads to the ruin of her family. For these women, the penalty for their scheming ways is normally death.   For a deeper understanding of Shakespeares women read our guide to the types of female characters in Shakespeare.

Musical Instrument Museum Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Musical Instrument Museum Analysis - Essay Example Hulusi: this instrument combines both bamboo and gourd material to produce a reed wind instrument that is played by blowing. It has three pieces but blowing is done in the center piece to produce a pure sound that looks like that of a clarinet. The instrument is widely used feelings of softness and tenderness. There are many instruments presented in the film that are also showcased in the Musical Instrument Museum. The Musical Instrument Museum contains many Chinese musical instruments from the ancient times to the modern instruments that have been incorporated in mainstream music including rock, orchestra, bands, and operas among others. Some of the instruments that are presented both in the films and the Musical Instrument Museum include; Woodwinds, Double-Reed, Slit Drum, Short-Necked Lutes, Long-Necked Lute, Hammered Dulcimer, Gong, Free Reed, Flutes, Drums, Two-Stringed Fiddles, bells, Hulusi, Xiao, Xiao, Pipa, Suona, Dizi, Guzheng, Guzheng, Banhu, Xun, Flute, Erhu, Dulcimer, Hu qin, Hulus, Chimes and Sun among others. The Musical Instrument Museum showcases not only the Chinese musical instruments but also performance of Chinese ancient music featuring traditional melodies and modern melodies. The museum also presents modified Chinese instruments that have been influenced by European and western music. Just like in the film, the museum has organized the different Chinese instruments according to their origin, category and material used to make it.

Advanced emergency care - a critical evaluation Essay

Advanced emergency care - a critical evaluation - Essay Example ribed by Kouwenhoven et al as a means to resuscitate hearts that stopped beating, the intent was to use the procedure for sudden unexpected cardiac arrests in patients who were otherwise in good physiological condition. Kouwenhovens method of closed-chest cardiac compression improved the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) dramatically. In his first report of 20 patients undergoing CPR, Kouwenhoven had a 70% success rate (survival up to discharge). During the 40 years since the introduction of modern cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), there have been many advances in the field of emergency cardiovascular care (ECC). Contrary to Kouwenhoven’s report, recent research has shown that people who experience traumatic cardiac arrest rarely survive outside the hospital. If the person has suffered blunt trauma, cardiac arrest prior to reaching the hospital carries a 99% mortality rate in spite of ongoing efforts at resuscitation after arrival at the hospital(Perina, 2005) . Approximately 1% to 6% of patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest ultimately survive the event, and although survival rates are somewhat better for in-hospital arrest patients, a recent comprehensive report observed that only 17% of these patients were discharged alive( Engdahl J,2002) Unsatisfactory results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures have for the most part attributed to its indiscriminate use. Various individual factors interfere with recovery from cardiopulmonary arrest. Despite the fact that the prediction of an individual outcome of such resuscitation is of great medical, ethical, and socio-economic interest, doubts about the decision whether or not to resuscitate a given patient, as well as about the consequences of either attitude, persist (Rogov, 1995). This decision should not be made only at the moment of cardiopulmonary arrest, but should also take the previous medical condition of the patient into account (Landry, 1992). Cardiopulmonary

Waste Management in LA County Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Waste Management in LA County - Essay Example In addition to the Integrated Waste Management Board, the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD) also undertakes significant tasks of waste management. The Sanitation Districts was established in 1923 with the County Sanitation Districts Act. It consists of 25 independent special districts which fulfill the waste management needs of around 5.1 million people in Los Angeles. It constructs, operates and maintains facilities to collect treat and disposes of sewage and industrial water (Green D., 2007 p.93). The major portion of landfills and waste water treatment plants in Los Angeles are operated by the Sanitation Districts. The LA County’s Integrated Waste Management Plan and Hazardous Waste management Plan are prepared and administered by the Department of Public Works (DPW). It also advises Los Angeles County’s Board of Supervisors on all issues on waste management. The major goal of this board is to reduce the solid waste through recycling, the composting, an d source reduction. It would also respond to any sort of complaints about the discharge of toxic waste that would harm the environment, soil, water, or wildlife. The CIWMB has initiated a ‘Zero Waste’ master plan of twenty year recycle program called Solid Waste Integrated Resource Plan (SWIRP). The program includes various tasks such as conversion, source reduction, recycling, renewable energy, and maximum material recovery in order to achieve the goal by 2030.

Understand the roles of health disciplines Essay

Understand the roles of health disciplines - Essay Example Interdisciplinary approach refers to a combination of a number of technologies, professions, departments in industry or business. It is a model favored and used to solve some of the complex problems in the modern society. In health care the approach has seen an improvement of patient satisfaction, reduction in costs and morbidity (Allen and Nora, 2006). It also enhances relationships between various professionals in addition to overall satisfaction of the employees. Nevertheless there are a number of challenges including administrative constraints, lack of leadership etc but these difficulties cannot last a life time as efforts to try and educate the people early enough would effectively address these challenges. In order to solve some of the complex problems in the society there have been attempts to forge relationship between the various disciplines (Fleming, 2009). In the past, knowledge was perceived as whole but soon various disciplines started to gain individuality with each claiming to have a particular set of requirements, language and rules. However with time the various professions realize the importance of cooperation primarily to tackle complex problems and situations in the society. A multidisciplinary approach is whereby several disciplines are involved in solving societal problems. The individual disciplines do not lose their distinctiveness. One discipline known as the root discipline incorporates other disciplines to solve a problem. This means perspectives being shared are meant for the service of the root discipline (McGregor, 2004). On the other hand interdisciplinary approach allows for interaction between two or more disciplines. In this approach knowledge is transferre d between disciplines as the group share assumptions and approaches for a better understanding of a problem. The end result is getting solutions to complex problems in society and the enhancement of views and perspectives of the various

Script for Theater Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Script for Theater Class - Essay Example (Velma was shaking her head as she looked at her friend.) Now, please do not think I am being pessimistic nor am I trying to discourage you even more. I am just trying to let you see clearly what could possibly be dimmed by your current situation and emotions. You can always find a foster parent or you can have the child adopted. In the future, you will see when you know that your child is living somewhere, that you have made the right decision. Velma: (Nodding) I have been thinking about the same things for the past days. I know it is not right for me to hurt my baby just because his father and I are cowards. I cannot bear the thought of having my child suffer a lot while I try to achieve my goals. I hate my boyfriend for abandoning me to have to deal with this alone. I just wish he had some heart enough to try to know how I am doing now. Emma: Well, I do not blame Jason. Perhaps, I f I were in his position, I would have done the same thing to you. So now you know that he really does not love you. I always had my doubts about him. I knew he will just use you as a decoration in his life, a trophy for being rich and handsome. I know it pains you a lot however, at least now, you know where you stand. I think it is best that you have known that he cannot stand up to fight for the love that he so much tried to show you only to get what he really wanted. I do not think he really is the man that people have always thought him to be. He is nothing but a selfish jerk who thinks about nothing but himself. See how easily he has exchanged you and your baby for his money? Anyway, I think it would be best for you to get him out of the picture as early as now and let us just concentrate on how you and your baby are going to survive. I think you can still try to conceal your baby bump until after graduation and still be cheered as t he most intelligent among the graduates. Then perhaps, we could speak again by then. Velma: It is always funny is it? (Velma had a strange look on

Master of Business Administration Personal Statement

Master of Business Administration - Personal Statement Example For deals worth more than three million dollars, I work with a team in order to come up with proposals and pricing strategies. All of the opportunities that I handle are highly competitive. My company is in the commodity business. This means that prices are the deciding factor whether we achieve deals or lose them. The role I play in the company is vital. When I bid on an opportunity, finding the right price is crucial to winning business. It is important to find the line between a low enough price to win business and a price high enough to make a profit. Personal accountability in this field is the only way to achieve positive results. It is imperative to remember while going after new business, that one must also retain current customers. The competitive personal computer market needs employees that inspire customer loyalty. This makes retaining customers a top priority for me. It is my goal to generate good relations with new customers, while maintaining the same constructive relationship with current customers. This aspiration sometimes can be tedious, but I work hard to accomplish this objective. A long term intention is to use my sales and marketing experience to pursue a career in product management. While I am comfortable with numbers, working with product management would be more fulfilling.

Script for Theater Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Script for Theater Class - Essay Example (Velma was shaking her head as she looked at her friend.) Now, please do not think I am being pessimistic nor am I trying to discourage you even more. I am just trying to let you see clearly what could possibly be dimmed by your current situation and emotions. You can always find a foster parent or you can have the child adopted. In the future, you will see when you know that your child is living somewhere, that you have made the right decision. Velma: (Nodding) I have been thinking about the same things for the past days. I know it is not right for me to hurt my baby just because his father and I are cowards. I cannot bear the thought of having my child suffer a lot while I try to achieve my goals. I hate my boyfriend for abandoning me to have to deal with this alone. I just wish he had some heart enough to try to know how I am doing now. Emma: Well, I do not blame Jason. Perhaps, I f I were in his position, I would have done the same thing to you. So now you know that he really does not love you. I always had my doubts about him. I knew he will just use you as a decoration in his life, a trophy for being rich and handsome. I know it pains you a lot however, at least now, you know where you stand. I think it is best that you have known that he cannot stand up to fight for the love that he so much tried to show you only to get what he really wanted. I do not think he really is the man that people have always thought him to be. He is nothing but a selfish jerk who thinks about nothing but himself. See how easily he has exchanged you and your baby for his money? Anyway, I think it would be best for you to get him out of the picture as early as now and let us just concentrate on how you and your baby are going to survive. I think you can still try to conceal your baby bump until after graduation and still be cheered as t he most intelligent among the graduates. Then perhaps, we could speak again by then. Velma: It is always funny is it? (Velma had a strange look on

Paper on the Glass Castle, for communications class Essay - 1

Paper on the Glass Castle, for communications class - Essay Example An individual may talk compellingly but then that individual will surely not have the success in making the variation in the course of his/her communication/interpersonal because of the opinion getting firm. Just like Daniel Dunn has specifically discussed in his book named Communication, that interpersonal communication frequently be unsuccessful among the persons because of the errors. As she presented her real-life understanding and different experiences that she had with her family. Comparable illustration has been brought into being in the book by the author where she has undergo an end to the communication with her family and parents for the reason that they never tried to understood her meanings of issues she had (Walls 136). Danielle Dunn pointed out in his research that at times an individual or a group of people carry their opinion established in a dense manner that affects the communication space. In Glass Castle the author remarks that at times she still even felt vulnera ble and weak in explaining her ideas to her parents regardless of their improved point of education. This was purely because of the opinion which made their interpersonal communication unsuccessful. In accumulation, non-verbal communication leaves an intense shock on the receiver. In the case of Wall’s family one can say that this was not as much expected to take place because of the less interest of parents towards their children being alcoholic (Walls 147). The writer took the advantage and used the autobiographical rule/style to achieve the interest of readers. After reading a conversion of the story, I observed that the attitude of the writer is a bit simple, obvious and less touching which means that it completely depends up on the reader to make his/her mind concerning the happening of the occurrence which Walls family had experienced. The major reason of the writer to pick

Definition And Types Of Social Capital

Definition And Types Of Social Capital Social capital is the the aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition (Bourdieu 1983: 249). Social capital is defined by its function. It is not a single entity, but a variety of different entities, having two characteristics in common: they all consist of some aspect of a social structure, and they facilitate certain actions of individuals who are within the structure (Coleman 1994: 302). Whereas physical capital refers to physical objects and human capital refers to the properties of individuals, social capital refers to connections among individuals social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them. In that sense social capital is closely related to what some have called civic virtue. The difference is that social capital calls attention to the fact that civic virtue is most powerful when embedded in a sense network of reciprocal social relations. A society of many virtuous but isolated individuals is not necessarily rich in social capital (Putnam 2000: 19). Social capital refers to the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a societys social interactions Social capital is not just the sum of the institutions which underpin a society it is the glue that holds them together (The World Bank 1999). According to John Field, the fundamental of social capital is that relationship matters. It helps people to commit themselves to people in the community. It eventually becomes a shared set of values, virtues and expectation within society as a whole. However, Robert Putman (1993; 2000) is the person who launched social capital which focused on research and policy discussions. The World Bank also chose social capital as a useful organising idea. They argue that increasing evidence shows that social cohesion is critical for societies to prosper economically and for development to be sustainable (The World Bank 1999). In this piece we explore the idea of social capital and the contribution by voluntary clubs to social capital. Types of Social Capital There are three types of social capital: bonding social capital, bridging social capital and linking social capital. Bonding social capital refers to the links between like-minded people, or the reinforcement of homogeneity. (Schuller, Baron, Field, 2000) Bonding Social Capital indicates ties between people in similar situation. It can be your neighbours, friends or even family. (Woolcock 2001: 13-4). Bridging social capital can be referred as building of connections between heterogeneous groups, which are likely to be more fragile, but more likely also to foster social inclusion. (Schuller, Baron, Field, 2000) Bridging social capital covers distant ties of like persons, such as workmates and fast friends. (Woolcock 2001: 13-4) Linking social capital, which reaches out to unlike people in dissimilar situations, such as those who are entirely outside of the community, thus enabling members to leverage a far wider range of resources than are available in the community. (Woolcock 2001: 13-4) The discussion of social capital is credited to three main theorists namely Pierre Bourdieu, James Coleman and Robert Putnam. Bourdieu stated that there are three kind of capitals, but for this paper we only look at Social Capital. Bourdieu provides a concise definition of social capital by stating: social capital is the aggregate of the actual or potential resource which is linked to the possession of a durable network of more of less institutionalised relationships of mutual acquaintance or recognition (p. 249). Field and Wynne said that people access other forms of capital through social capital. In sporting circumstances, Bourdieu gives an example of golf clubs where individuals network to facilitate business, a social practice that is not available to all members of a community given the exclusive nature of many golf clubs (Field, 2003; Wynne, 1999). According to Coleman, social capital is not a single body. It is a structure which facilitates certain action, which has positive outcome; otherwise it would not have been possible. Coleman, through his research, found out that the level of school drop-out rate had reduced due to parental investment and family social capital. Coleman, in this context defines social capital as a set of resources that are available in family relation which is important for social development of the child. These resources differ from person to person and an advantage to children to develop their human capital. (Coleman, 1994, cited in Coalter, 2007, p. 541) According to Putman, social capital is not just a public good but is for the public good. Putnam states that, bonding social capital are when people of the same community, with similar values associate together to achieve shared goals. They tend to reinforce restricted identities and are homogenous group. Putman also says that this kind of association have some negative points as they tend to exclude outsiders. Exclusion of outsiders here means that a football club will have a tendency to include supporters and players from a same background. They would try to exclude those who are not from the same background. On the other hand bridging social capital is heterogeneous in nature. Heterogeneity of social connections promotes linkage with different type of people. Bridging social capital however, has the potential to forge connections. People with same as well as from different background can connect within the community or outside the community (Narayan Cassidy, 2001). We can thus see that people who are connected through bridging social capital have a wider range of associates. They also got more opportunities. Therefore Bridging social capital is very important to enhance social inclusion and to develop communitys ability. Sports Volunteers: The Real Active Citizens? Sports Clubs are career for the expression of active citizenship through volunteering. Volunteers are more important than any other thing in a club or a sporting organization (Nichols, et al., 2004). Clubs provide an opportunity which helps the community by contributing to social capital through social interaction (Coalter, 2007; Long, 2008; Weed et al., 2005). The volunteers share their values, a reflection of the society where their expressions of collective values are encouraged, which is a positive contribution towards society. As Coalter (2007) points out the diffuse and contested nature of social capital is central to the social regeneration/social inclusion agenda (p. 159). The volunteers have a potential contribution to rebuild the social capital. Sport England (1999, p8) stresses volunteering as activity which is fundamental to the development of democratic society. It helps in contributing towards their public life and develops their communities. Consequently such policies are as much concerned with the instrumental use of sport for purposes of community development as they are in simply developing sport in the community (Coalter and Allison, 1996). The key policy message here is that the potentially positive benefits of sport are not only to be obtained via participation involvement in the organisation and provision of opportunities for sport and physical recreation can assist in the development of self-esteem and a series of transferable skills a view of volunteering as active citizenship.

Learning Theory Essay -- behaviorism, social learning, cognitive learn

Learning is defined as a, "relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience" (Myers, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to present a critical analysis of the different theoretical approaches and explanations for learning through an examination of the theories of behaviorism, social learning and cognitive. I will investigate the principles and postulates of each theory, their strengths and their weaknesses. It is my belief that because each theory is best applicable to varying types of learning, it is best that a combination of each is used to provide the most complete learning experience. Behaviorism is a theory that focuses on objectively observable behaviors, while discounting mental activities. Behavior theorists thus define learning as an observable or quantifiable change in behavior through the "universal learning process" known as conditioning. There are two types of conditioning, classical and operant, each of which yield a different behavioral pattern. Classical conditioning, also referred to as, "Pavlovian conditioning," is a type of learning in which an organism learns to associate two stimuli: the conditioned (an initially neutral stimulus) and the unconditioned (a stimulus that routinely triggers an unconditioned response). If the conditioned stimulus accompanies the unconditioned stimulus, one will eventually learn to elicit an anticipatory and preparatory conditioned response in the presence of the conditioned stimulus alone (p 228). Although the ideas of classical conditioning were incomplete, "if we see further than Pavlov did, it is because we stand on his shoulders." (p 235) He provided us with a type of learning that is virtually applicable to all organisms dur... ...ent can take place of what is happening, and whether it is positive to enlarge the students' contributions in learning from life, thereby reducing the adaptive role of the teacher. To seek a best way to structure learning runs the risk of imposing conformity on what should be a rich and diverse experience. As you can see, each theory has its positive and negative aspects, which is why I suggest a pragmatic approach that considers both the learner and the subject matter at issue and then opts for the approach -- classical/operant conditioning, social learning, cognitive, or a combination -- that best suits that particular learning experience. Works Cited: Myers, David G. (2010). Exploring Psychology, eigth edition. New York: Worth Publishers. Rabinowitz, B., Siegel, Dr. S. & Spear., Dr. N. (2004). Class tapes: COCR958 The Science of Psychology.

college parties Essay -- essays research papers

College Parties   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since I’ve come to college my whole life has changed. Living on my own is fun but I miss being back home. I hate having to do my own laundry and clean my room, I miss my mom doing those things for me. I’ve made many new friends that I hang out with everyday and we’ve become extremely close. I think I like them so much because they remind me of my friends from back home. The work is also a lot harder than high school and it is very stressful. Once I finish all the work that I have to do I like to party to get my mind off of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our school is not a very big party school but when there are parties to go to they are usually pretty good. The party nights during the week are usually on Tuesday, Friday and Saturday. Usually the main party nights at college are on Thursdays but since our school is a suitcase school our main party night is Tuesday. The parties to go to are either in the village, Park Avenue or in the suites. The real good parties are at the basketball house and football house but they only have parties when they win, which isn’t very often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The types of things that go on at these parties are fights, alcohol and drinking games, loud music, dancing, socializing, smoking, rape, drugs, sex, drunk driving, and police. When I got to my first party it was nothing like high school parties. There was so   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &n...

Canadian Tire Sw

Canadian Tie is one of Canada’s most-shopped general retailers, offering everyday products and services to Canadians through more than 1,700 retail and gasoline outlets from coast-to-coast. Canadian Tire Corporation has many strengths as an organization. First and foremost, they enjoy a strong and loyal customer base. Their long history as a Canadian company has helped them in this regard, as many of the existing Canadian competitors have been purchased by foreign corporations over the years. They also have one of the most recognizable trademarks in the country. Another strength of the company is its diversity.They currently provide a wide range of goods and services to their customers – including automobile parts and service, financial services, clothing, hardware, and housewares. They also have one of the longest-running customer rebate programs of any retailer – that is, the Canadian Tire money that customers receive after making their purchases. The major wea kness of Canadian Tire is that in the past, they have periodically lost their focus on customer service. They have taken their customers for granted, assuming that the customer would always return to the store regardless of how they were treated.Because of this, they have occasionally lost market share. The company has also failed to recognize the changing demographic of Canada (immigration, different cultures). The stores tend to focus on their historical customer – the adult white male. They have failed to widen their focus to women and different nationalities such as Chinese and Indian customers. Another weakness of the company is its failure to expand successfully beyond Canada. This has put limits on the company’s growth. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: †¢ Has a very strong and loyal clientele. Offer a range of goods and services that meet life’s everyday needs, including general merchandise such as clothing, petroleum and financial services. †¢ Offers a chain of automobile parts and professional automotive installers. †¢ Offers shopping on line. †¢ Canadian Tire bank provides greater marketing flexibility for using its credit card. Weakness: †¢ Prices have gone up. †¢ They have lost their focus on customer service. †¢ failed to recognize the changing demographic of Canada (immigration, different cultures) †¢ failure to expand successfully beyond Canada.

Friendship

Imagine, for a moment, that you are a new child, in an unfamiliar place, full of invisible faces that stare at you as you walk past them. Your face buried in a map so that you can find your way through your new environment and you continuously bump into strangers who do not offer a supporting hand to guide you on your way. You are lost, and you do not know what to do. Suddenly, out of nowhere, a hand comes right in front of your path, grasping yours, and leading the way to safety and happiness.It is your first friend. Friendship is the greatest gift you can give someone to ensure mental, emotional, and social aspects for not only your own, but someone else’s life in the process. Everyone needs one good, true friend to stay mentally healthy. Having been proven by scientific experiments studied by Harvard Medical students, if a true friend is available to you, you can relinquish your thoughts and emotions to in order to relieve stress from your brain.Scientists agree that stress releases chemicals changes throughout your brain, and that these changes could influence your health. With a friend there for you, you are able to prevent stress from depleting your energy to even decreasing the stress that can build up cancer cells. Knowing such a thing, can you not see that your friend is saving your life over and over again? How nice is that? Friends are essential to your life.Everyone needs one good, true friend to stay emotionally healthy. Especially for children, having a friend along for the long run is not only nutritious to your emotional state, but as well as for your physical state as well. Common knowledge shows that without the required love or mutual feeling of friendship towards a human being cause’s complications when it comes to probing further in intellectual discoveries or inhibits one from gaining any social connections.Having a friend, or even better, multiple friends, can improve your emotional state in vast like ways, such as increasin g social interactions after gaining self-confidence in the process. Without friends, you’re mental status is also affected due to stress levels that build up after being solitary for long periods of time, or perhaps from rejection, that it can lead to depression or even suicide. Knowing such a thing, can you not see that your friend is saving your life over and over again? Friends are essential to your life.In a personal view, being in the world without friends can be a very scary place. Friends can get you places, help you meet new faces, and make your life brighter than the sun. Friends are there for you when your life is down, if you have had a bad break-up, or if you have lost someone you love. They comfort you when you think you have got nothing else. A friend can be as close as a sibling, or as distant as your worst enemy, but in the end, you are not alone, and that makes all the difference when it comes to your mental, and emotional, state.Many of people believe that n ot everyone is socially inclined by birth or that said person is anti-social by their own means. However, a human being can not possible are, as proven in the statistics above, against human relation and contact without having prior past issues, such as child abuse, or depression. Friends will always be essential to you. In conclusion, Friendship is the greatest gift you can give someone to ensure mental, emotional, and social aspects for not only your own, but someone else’s life in the process.Friends relieve common stresses from a person that can leave them much healthier, mentally, and they can become a target for affections, or for any other positive emotion, leaving you socially enabled to lead your life. Socially connected to friends can lead to more friends, opening more opportunities that go up to business partners, to working together on a school paper. Friends can save your life repeatedly over and over again, isn’t that nice? You need friends, becauseâ€⠀ Friends are essential to your life. Friendship Friendship is the divine feeling or relationship between friends. Friendships developed ultimately and required to be maintained with care. Men can’t live without friend and real friendship could be a great support for one’s life. Friendship is simply a divine relationship based on feelings and understanding. It’s not ordinary social or official affair between people but a divine feelings and care based on mutual trust, affection and support. A true friendship is developed ultimately; sometimes relationship could be established for earthly benefits but that is not really considered friendship.A real friendship does not aim any worldly interests rather spiritual and based on share and care between friends. A relationship required to be reciprocal to turn into friendship. That is friendship between two people or among several people, only develops when they all loves, understands and trust one another equally. Successful friendship only established provided taste, feeling and sentiments of friends are same or common. A friendly relationship between people with strictly different outlook and view is almost impossible.A friendship turns stronger with care and maintenance. In the same way disrespect towards it fade and destroy it away. Friends must be sincere and loyal towards one another. One should not show vanity and power over his/her friends. Friends must bare a sense of equity in mind. Friendship with disparity doesn’t last very long. Real friend be always with his/her friend in well and in owes. In order to maintain friendship, it must be valued and handled delicately because treatment towards friendship determines a friend is real friend or fair weathered.All people seems friendly are not friend. Many pretend to be friend and terminate friendship as soon as their interests are fulfilled. We may have thousands of fair-weathered friends in prosperity but real friends are those who stand by us in our trouble. It’s very painful when friends proved traitor so in choice of friends we must be cautious. A good friend supports us always and led us in the right way. A good friend encourages us for positive and forbid us form wrong deeds. A real good friend is an invaluable treasure. Benefits and necessity of friendship is innumerable.Human being needs companion to live. And friends are one of the best companion because supports us, care us and bless us an opportunity to share our thoughts freely. As friendship doesn’t aim any worldly things, serious dispute between friends are rare or mostly trifle. In a word, friendship is blessed with countless gifts. Friendship is undoubtedly a heavenly thing. Life is colourless and slow without a friend. Though real friends are not easy to find, a real friendship with a good person is a precious gift that could be great supports for lifetime.. Friendship Friendship is the divine feeling or relationship between friends. Friendships developed ultimately and required to be maintained with care. Men can’t live without friend and real friendship could be a great support for one’s life. Friendship is simply a divine relationship based on feelings and understanding. It’s not ordinary social or official affair between people but a divine feelings and care based on mutual trust, affection and support. A true friendship is developed ultimately; sometimes relationship could be established for earthly benefits but that is not really considered friendship.A real friendship does not aim any worldly interests rather spiritual and based on share and care between friends. A relationship required to be reciprocal to turn into friendship. That is friendship between two people or among several people, only develops when they all loves, understands and trust one another equally. Successful friendship only established provided taste, feeling and sentiments of friends are same or common. A friendly relationship between people with strictly different outlook and view is almost impossible.A friendship turns stronger with care and maintenance. In the same way disrespect towards it fade and destroy it away. Friends must be sincere and loyal towards one another. One should not show vanity and power over his/her friends. Friends must bare a sense of equity in mind. Friendship with disparity doesn’t last very long. Real friend be always with his/her friend in well and in owes. In order to maintain friendship, it must be valued and handled delicately because treatment towards friendship determines a friend is real friend or fair weathered.All people seems friendly are not friend. Many pretend to be friend and terminate friendship as soon as their interests are fulfilled. We may have thousands of fair-weathered friends in prosperity but real friends are those who stand by us in our trouble. It’s very painful when friends proved traitor so in choice of friends we must be cautious. A good friend supports us always and led us in the right way. A good friend encourages us for positive and forbid us form wrong deeds. A real good friend is an invaluable treasure. Benefits and necessity of friendship is innumerable.Human being needs companion to live. And friends are one of the best companion because supports us, care us and bless us an opportunity to share our thoughts freely. As friendship doesn’t aim any worldly things, serious dispute between friends are rare or mostly trifle. In a word, friendship is blessed with countless gifts. Friendship is undoubtedly a heavenly thing. Life is colourless and slow without a friend. Though real friends are not easy to find, a real friendship with a good person is a precious gift that could be great supports for lifetime..

Jan Van Eyck Madonna in the Church

Madonna in a Church is a small oil panel on oak by Flemish painter Jan van Check. Madonna in a church was made between c. 1438-1440. Van Check has been traditionally credited with the invention of painting in oils, and, although this is incorrect, there is no doubt that he was the real master of the technique. The use of oil paints is very significant in this artworks luminescent quality and presentation of space. The artist creates a new relationship between the viewer and the picture.There is an illusion of a modern, tatterdemalion's scene and through this new more attraction, lifelike approach, the viewer becomes connected to the painting, not Just in physical terms, but socially, spiritually and emotionally as well. † The minute we look at it the shimmering quality of the art stands out. Being only 12. 25†³ x 5. 5†³ it's clear why its elaboration is so astonishing. The painting is very long compared to its width, emphasizing the size of the Madonna and the tall st ructure of the church that it portrays.The artwork has brilliant intense warm colors, dominating brown and red and the light illustrated with light yellow. On Madonna in a Church, the artist represents a variety of subjects with striking legalism in microscopic detail. The pigment was suspended in a layer of oil that also trapped light, this way Van Check created a Jewel-like medium. On the Madonna's crown and Jewelry we see shiny precious metals and gems and also, with the help of this technique he could give a life like impression to light. The colors are so luminous that the passage of five hundred years has barely diminished them.There are so many details and elements to discover on the painting that the eye has a constant exercise inside the picture. From the first view we can tell that the artwork is narrative and descriptive. Van Check had a sharp edged look of the world but he put this look into a fictional environment. The painting was stolen in 1877 and the frame was not f ound. Despite this absence we still have an impression of a frame because the cathedral interior is viewed at an angle. From this perspective the doorway has a frame effect to the painting.The shape of the doorway is round, following the ceiling and with this circle effect leading our eyes to the main figure, Mary. † Van Check has followed traditional theology; his realist art displayed in iconic and allusive forms the Church's teachings and popular piety. Yet at the same time, he played with symbolism, which is evidently present in the artwork. The Madonna's size is surreal, very big in proportion to the interior of the exceptionally beautiful church. This is a symbolic niche, giving her all the importance. Byzantine painters used this method for the same purpose.In the background, angels appear to be singing from hymn books or saying Mass before her altar. † The image of light has a heavy vision, the rays of the sun come supernaturally from the north to strike through the glass and hit the floor with breathtaking realism. Two lolls of sunlight on the floor in front of Mary come from a direction that defies natural law. Therefore the light is mystical, a symbol of God. We can see it penetrating the church Just as the Holy Ghost entered and impregnated the body of the Virgin, in direct opposition to the laws of flesh.The perspective and lighting seem to be so natural, until we think about it we don't see that it's unnatural, and that it is actually a sacred light. Maybe this is a way to express that what is religious was incorporated into everyday life, that even a Heavenly light had to become like daylight under Jan Van Cock's paintbrush. The virgin takes her place in the center, gently swaying, she seem to follow her own gaze. Her hair is red; throughout the ages red-haired women have had significance in the arts. They are viewed as unique and mystical, Just like Mary.She has a beautiful tracery behind her: wooden carving, the stories of her life . It is especially important in the Northern Renaissance, because they used the Juxtaposition of the presented sacred character and then an object or artwork of the exact same personage on the picture, referring to Biblical times. We see a sculpture of Christ behind her, while the baby Jesus is in her arms. She is presented in the everyday life of those people living in the 15th century and part of their modern culture. The church is richly decorated, in the Gothic style.Jan Van Check pays attention to detail in his painting of architectural interiors, done with unrelenting accuracy. The church is an important symbol of Marry chastity. It's an Ideal church, Jan Van Cock's fantasy of a perfect interior to enthrone Mary. This is a way to represent the heavenly sphere in an environment that the people of the time period can recognize. Concluding from the small size of the painting, it was not a painting designed for a huge Gothic church where most paintings were much bigger in proporti on. It was probably made for a wealthy man at the time.In the Renaissance it was common for wealthy people to collect artworks, it had a social significance. Above this, religious paintings and prayer books were manifestations of commitment to prayer. The Flemish didn't limit their demonstration of piety to the public realm, the individuals commissioned artworks for private use in their homes as well. † Ideology of the time also influenced the painting. The Madonna is holding the child that is supposed to be Christ. Her face is turned away from the child, achieving a less engaged look. The scene is all about her.In Van Cock's painting, the child is a realistic baby; emphasizing the humanity of Christ. The interpretation of this can be the fact that Mary was a human, and in the Renaissance, humanism had a very big impact. After the neglected human dimension of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance brings humanity in focus again with the development of art, technology, and inventions . † Van Check gives Mary three roles: Mother of Christ, the personification of the Christian Church and Queen of Heaven, the latter apparent from her Jewel-studded crown.The painting is majestic and luminous, it lights up like a dream. But at the same time the message is both worldly and devout, the artist set out to satisfy both demands, but in a form of realism that contained within itself a playful, even ironic attitude towards the relations existing between individuals, society and religion. Sources: Graham, Jenny. Inventing van Check: the remaking of an artist for the modern age. Oxford: Berg, 2007. Print. Harrison, Craig. Jan van Check: the play of realism. London: Reaction Books ;, 1991. 188. Print.